Supplemental table 1

s1 <- select(ldp, Entry, Name, Origin, Source, Synonyms)
write.csv(s1, "Supplemental_Table_01.csv", row.names = F)

Supplemental table 2

s2 <- select(ff, Location, Year, `Short Name`=ExptShort, Latitude=Lat, Longitude=Lon,
  `Planting Date`=Start, `Temperature (mean)`=T_mean, `Photoperiod (mean)`=P_mean, 
  `Number of Seeds Sown`=Number_of_Seeds_Sown, `Plot Type`=Plot_Type)
write.csv(s2, "Supplemental_Table_02.csv", row.names = F)

'data.frame':   18 obs. of  10 variables:
 $ Location            : Factor w/ 9 levels "Bardiya, Nepal",..: 9 8 6 4 7 2 1 5 9 8 ...
 $ Year                : int  2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2017 2017 ...
 $ Short Name          : Factor w/ 18 levels "Ro16","Ro17",..: 3 1 15 13 17 7 11 9 4 2 ...
 $ Latitude            : num  52.2 52.7 33.6 37.9 40.4 ...
 $ Longitude           : num  -106.51 -106.29 -6.72 -4.8 16.78 ...
 $ Planting Date       : Date, format: "2016-04-27" "2016-05-06" ...
 $ Temperature (mean)  : num  16.7 17.2 12 12.5 10.6 17.6 19.2 18.6 15.7 17.5 ...
 $ Photoperiod (mean)  : num  15.9 16.2 10.8 10.9 10.8 10.9 11 10.8 16.1 16.4 ...
 $ Number of Seeds Sown: int  60 60 25 25 25 25 25 25 70 70 ...
 $ Plot Type           : Factor w/ 3 levels "one, 1 meter row",..: 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 ...

Figure 1 Field Trial Info

# Prep data
xx <- ff %>% mutate(Size = 1)
# Plot (a) Map
invisible(png("Additional/Temp/Temp_F01_1.png", width = 4200, height = 1575, res = 600))
par(mai = c(0,0,0,0), xaxs = "i", yaxs = "i")
mapBubbles(dF = xx, nameX = "Lon", nameY = "Lat", nameZColour = "MacroEnv",
           nameZSize = "Size", symbolSize = 0.5, pch = 20, fill = F, addLegend = F,
           colourPalette = c("darkgreen", "darkorange3", "darkblue"), addColourLegend = F, 
           xlim = c(-140,110), ylim = c(10,35),  
           oceanCol = "grey90", landCol = "white", borderCol = "black")
invisible(dev.off())
# Plot (b) mean T and P
mp <- ggplot(ff, aes(x = T_mean, y = P_mean)) + 
  geom_point(aes(color = MacroEnv), size = 3, alpha = 0.8) + 
  geom_text_repel(aes(label = ExptShort)) + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = 11:22) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 11:16) +
  scale_color_manual(name = "Macro-Environment",
                     values = c("darkgreen","darkorange3","darkblue")) +
  theme_AGL + 
  theme(legend.position = "top", legend.margin = unit(c(0,0,0,0), "cm")) +
  labs(x = expression(paste("Mean temperature (", degree, "C)", sep = "")), 
       y = "Mean photoperiod (hours)")
ggsave("Additional/Temp/Temp_F01_2.png", mp, width = 7, height = 3.25, dpi = 600)
# Labels were added to "Additional/Temp/Temp_F1_1.png" in image editing software
# Append (a) and (b)
im1 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/Temp_F01_1_1.png") %>% 
  image_annotate("(a)", size = 35)
im2 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/Temp_F01_2.png") %>% image_scale("1200x") %>%
  image_annotate("(b)", size = 35)
im <- image_append(c(im1,im2), stack = T)
image_write(im, "Figure_01.png")

Additional Figure 1 LDP Origin Map

# Prep data
x1 <- ldp %>% filter(Origin != "Unknown") %>%
  mutate(Origin = recode(Origin, "ICARDA"="Syria", "USDA"="USA")) %>% 
  group_by(Origin) %>% summarise(Count = n()) %>% 
  left_join(select(ct, Origin = Country, Lat, Lon), by = "Origin") %>% 
  ungroup() %>% as.data.frame()
x1[is.na(x1)] <- 0
# Plot
invisible(png("Additional/Additional_Figure_01.png", 
              width = 3600, height = 2055, res = 600)) #res = 150
par(mai = c(0,0,0,0), xaxs = "i",yaxs = "i")
mapBubbles(dF = x1, nameX = "Lon", nameY = "Lat", 
        nameZSize = "Count", nameZColour = "darkred",
        xlim = c(-140,110), ylim = c(5,20),
        oceanCol = "grey90", landCol = "white", borderCol = "black")
invisible(dev.off())

Supplemental Figure 1 Scaling

# Prep data
levs <- c("Days from sowing to flower (days)", "Scaled (1-5)")
xx <- dd %>% select(Entry, Expt, ExptShort, DTF, DTF2_scaled) %>%
  left_join(select(ff, Expt, MacroEnv), by = "Expt") %>%
  gather(Trait, Value, DTF, DTF2_scaled) %>% 
  mutate(Trait = plyr::mapvalues(Trait, c("DTF", "DTF2_scaled"), levs),
         Trait = factor(Trait, levels = levs) )
# Plot
mp <- ggplot(xx, aes(x = ExptShort, y = Value)) + 
  geom_violin(fill = "grey", alpha = 0.3, color = NA) + 
  geom_quasirandom(aes(color = MacroEnv), size = 0.1, alpha = 0.5) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("darkgreen","darkorange3","darkblue")) +
  facet_grid(Trait ~ MacroEnv, scales = "free") + 
  theme_AGL + 
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5, hjust = 1)) +
  labs(x = NULL, y = NULL)
ggsave("Supplemental_Figure_01.png", mp, width = 8, height = 5, dpi = 600)

Figure 2 Data Overview

# Create plot function
ggEnvPlot <- function(x, nr = 2, nc = 3, mybreaks) {
  yy <- ff %>% filter(Expt %in% unique(x$Expt)) %>% 
    select(ExptShort, Location, Year, min=DTF_min, max=DTF_max) %>%
    mutate(Trait = "DTF Window")
  ggplot(x) +
    geom_rect(data = yy, aes(xmin = min, xmax = max, fill = Trait),   
              ymin = -Inf, ymax = Inf, alpha = 0.1, color = "black") +
    geom_line(aes(x = DaysAfterPlanting, y = DayLength_rescaled, color = "Day Length")) +
    geom_line(aes(x = DaysAfterPlanting, y = Temp_mean, color = "Temperature") ) +
    geom_ribbon(aes(x = DaysAfterPlanting, ymin = Temp_min, ymax = Temp_max),
                fill = "darkred", alpha = 0.3) +
    facet_wrap(ExptShort ~ ., scales = "free_x", dir = "v", nrow = 2, ncol = 3) +
    scale_x_continuous(breaks = mybreaks) +
    scale_color_manual(name = NULL, values = c("darkblue", "darkred")) +
    scale_fill_manual(name = NULL, values = "darkgreen") +
    coord_cartesian(ylim=c(0, 40)) +
    theme_AGL + 
    theme(plot.margin = unit(c(0,0,0,0), "cm"),
          legend.text = element_text(size = 12)) +
    labs(y = NULL, x = NULL) +
    guides(colour = guide_legend(order = 1, override.aes = list(size = 1.25)), 
           fill = guide_legend(order = 2))
}
# Plot (a) T and P
mp1.1 <- ggEnvPlot(ee %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Temperate"), mybreaks = c(25,50,75)) +
  labs(y = expression(paste(degree, "Celcius"))) + 
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(alpha("darkgreen", 0.3)),
        plot.margin = unit(c(0,0,0,0.155), "cm"),
        plot.title = element_text(hjust = -0.12, vjust = -10))
mp1.2 <- ggEnvPlot(ee %>% filter(MacroEnv == "South Asia"), mybreaks = c(25,75,125)) +
  labs(x = "Days After Planting") +
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = alpha("darkgoldenrod2", 0.3)),
        axis.text.y = element_blank(), 
        axis.ticks.y = element_blank())
mp1.3 <- ggEnvPlot(ee %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Mediterranean"), mybreaks = c(50,100,150)) +
  scale_y_continuous(sec.axis = sec_axis(~ (16.62 - 9.11) * . / (40 - 0) + 9.11,
                       name = "Hours", breaks = c(10, 12, 14, 16))) +
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = alpha("darkblue", 0.3)),
        plot.margin = unit(c(0,0.17,0,0), "cm"),
        axis.text.y.left = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks.y.left = element_blank())
mp1 <- ggarrange(mp1.1, mp1.2, mp1.3, nrow = 1, ncol = 3, align = "h",
                 legend = "top", common.legend = T)
# Prep data
xx <- dd %>% select(Entry, Year, Expt, ExptShort, Location, DTF, DTS, DTM) %>%
  left_join(select(ff, Expt, MacroEnv), by = "Expt") %>%
  gather(Trait, Value, DTF, DTS, DTM) %>%
  mutate(Trait = factor(Trait, levels = c("DTF", "DTS", "DTM")))
# Create plot function
ggDistroDTF <- function(x) {
  ggplot(x, aes(x = Trait, y = Value) ) +
    geom_violin(color = NA, fill = "grey", alpha = 0.3) + 
    geom_quasirandom(size = 0.3, aes(color = Trait)) +
    facet_wrap(ExptShort ~ ., scales = "free_x", dir = "v", ncol = 3, nrow = 2) + 
    scale_color_manual(values = c("darkgreen", "darkred", "darkgoldenrod2")) +
    scale_y_continuous(limits = c(30,190), breaks = c(25,50,75,100,125,150,175)) +
    theme_AGL + labs(y = NULL, x = NULL) +
    theme(plot.margin = unit(c(0.1,0,0.3,0), "cm"))
}
# Plot (b) DTF, DTS and DTM
mp2.1 <- ggDistroDTF(xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Temperate")) + 
  labs(y = "Days After Planting") + 
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = alpha("darkgreen", 0.3)),
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        plot.title = element_text(hjust = -0.12, vjust = -10))
mp2.2 <- ggDistroDTF(xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "South Asia")) +
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = alpha("darkgoldenrod2", 0.3)),
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.y = element_blank(), 
        axis.ticks.y = element_blank())
mp2.3 <- ggDistroDTF(xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Mediterranean")) +
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(30,190), breaks = c(25,50,75,100,125,150,175),
                     sec.axis = sec_axis(~ ., name = "Days After Planting",
                       breaks = c(25,50,75,100,125,150,175))) +
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = alpha("darkblue", 0.3)),
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.minor.x = element_line(),
        axis.text.y.left = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks.y.left = element_blank())
# Append
mp2 <- ggarrange(mp2.1, mp2.2, mp2.3, nrow = 1, ncol = 3, align = "h", legend = "none")
# Prep data
xx <- dd %>% select(Entry, Name, Expt, ExptShort, Location, Year, VEG, REP) %>%
  left_join(select(ff, Expt, MacroEnv), by = "Expt") %>%
  gather(Trait, Value, VEG, REP) %>% 
  mutate(Trait = factor(Trait, levels = c("VEG", "REP")))
# Create plot function
ggDistroREP <- function(x) {
  ggplot(x, aes(x = Trait, y = Value)) + 
    geom_violin(color = NA, fill = "grey", alpha = 0.3) + 
    geom_quasirandom(size = 0.3, aes(color = Trait)) +
    facet_wrap(ExptShort ~ ., scales = "free_x", dir = "v", ncol = 3, nrow = 2) +
    scale_color_manual(values = c("steelblue", "purple")) +
    scale_y_continuous(limits = c(25,135), breaks = c(25,50,75,100,125)) +
    theme_AGL + labs(x = NULL, y = NULL) + 
    theme(plot.margin = unit(c(0,0,0.3,0), "cm"))
}
# Plot (c) REP and VEG
mp3.1 <- ggDistroREP(xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Temperate")) + 
  labs(y = "Days") +
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = alpha("darkgreen", 0.3)),
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        plot.title = element_text(hjust = -0.12, vjust = -10))
mp3.2 <- ggDistroREP(xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "South Asia")) + 
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = alpha("darkgoldenrod2", 0.3)),
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.y = element_blank(), 
        axis.ticks.y = element_blank())
mp3.3 <- ggDistroREP(xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Mediterranean")) +
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(25,135), breaks = c(25,50,75,100,125),
                     sec.axis = sec_axis(~ ., name = "Days",
                       breaks = c(25,50,75,100,125))) +
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = alpha("darkblue", 0.3)),
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.y.left = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks.y.left = element_blank())
# Append
mp3 <- ggarrange(mp3.1, mp3.2, mp3.3, nrow = 1, ncol = 3, align = "h", legend = "none")
# Save
ggsave("Additional/Temp/Temp_F02_1.png", mp1, width = 12, height = 4, dpi = 600)
ggsave("Additional/Temp/Temp_F02_2.png", mp2, width = 12, height = 4, dpi = 600)
ggsave("Additional/Temp/Temp_F02_3.png", mp3, width = 12, height = 4, dpi = 600)
# Append (a), (b) and (c)
mp1 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/Temp_F02_1.png")  %>% 
  image_annotate("(a)", size = 150)
mp2 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/Temp_F02_2.png") %>% 
  image_annotate("(b)", size = 150)
mp3 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/Temp_F02_3.png") %>% 
  image_annotate("(c)", size = 150)
mp <- image_append(c(mp1, mp2, mp3), stack = T)
image_write(mp, "Figure_02.png")

Additional Figures - Entry Phenology

# Create plotting function
gg_phenol <- function(x, xE, colnums) {
  mycols <- c("darkgreen", "darkorange3", "darkblue")
  ggplot(xE, aes(x = Trait, y = Value, group = Entry, color = MacroEnv)) +
    geom_line(data = x, color = "grey", alpha = 0.5) +
    geom_line() + geom_point() +
    facet_grid(MacroEnv ~ ExptShort) +
    scale_color_manual(values = mycols[colnums]) +
    theme_AGL + 
    theme(legend.position = "none", panel.grid.major.x = element_blank()) +
    ylim(c(min(x$Value, na.rm = T), max(x$Value, na.rm = T))) +
    labs(x = NULL, y = "Days")
}
# Prep data
xx <- dd %>% select(Entry, Name, ExptShort, DTF, DTS, DTM) %>% 
  left_join(select(ff, ExptShort, MacroEnv), by = "ExptShort") %>%
  gather(Trait, Value, DTF, DTS, DTM) %>%
  mutate(Trait = factor(Trait, levels = c("DTF","DTS","DTM")))
x1 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Temperate")
x2 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "South Asia")
x3 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Mediterranean")
# Create PDF
pdf("Additional/pdf_Phenology.pdf", width = 8, height = 6)
for(i in 1:324) {
  xE1 <- xx %>% filter(Entry == i, !is.na(Value), MacroEnv == "Temperate") 
  xE2 <- xx %>% filter(Entry == i, !is.na(Value), MacroEnv == "South Asia")
  xE3 <- xx %>% filter(Entry == i, !is.na(Value), MacroEnv == "Mediterranean")
  mp1 <-  gg_phenol(x1, xE1, 1)
  mp2 <-  gg_phenol(x2, xE2, 2)
  mp3 <-  gg_phenol(x3, xE3, 3)
  figlab <- paste("Entry", str_pad(i, 3, "left", "0"), "|", unique(xE1$Name))
  mp <- ggarrange(mp1, mp2, mp3, nrow = 3, ncol = 1) %>%
    annotate_figure(top = figlab)
  print(mp)
  ggsave(paste0("Additional/Entry_Phenology/Phenology_Entry_", 
                str_pad(i, 3, "left", "0"), ".png"), 
         mp, width = 8, height = 6, dpi = 600)
}
dev.off()#dev.set(dev.next())

Additional Figure 2 DTF DTS DTM

# Prep data
xx <- dd %>% select(Entry, Expt, ExptShort, DTF, DTS, DTM) %>%
  left_join(select(ff, Expt, MacroEnv), by = "Expt") %>%
  gather(Trait, Value, DTF, DTS, DTM) %>% 
  mutate(Trait = factor(Trait, levels = c("DTF", "DTS", "DTM")) )
# Plot
mp <- ggplot(xx, aes(x = Expt, y = Value)) +
  geom_violin(fill = "grey", alpha = 0.25, color = NA) + 
  geom_quasirandom(size = 0.1, alpha = 0.5, aes(color = MacroEnv)) +
  facet_grid(Trait ~ MacroEnv, scales = "free") + 
  scale_color_manual(values = c("darkgreen", "darkorange3", "darkblue")) +
  theme_AGL +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5, hjust = 1)) +
  labs(x = NULL, y = "Days After Planting")
ggsave("Additional/Additional_Figure_02.png", mp, width = 8, height = 6, dpi = 600)

Additional Figure 3 MacroEnv Phenology

# Prep data
xx <- ee %>% filter(ExptShort %in% c("Su17", "Ba17", "It17")) 
yy <- ff %>% filter(Expt %in% unique(xx$Expt)) %>% 
  mutate(DTF_min = Start + DTF_min, DTF_max = Start + DTF_max,
         DTM_min = Start + DTM_min, DTM_max = Start + DTM_max)
y1 <- select(yy, Expt, Location, Year, MacroEnv, min = DTF_min, max = DTF_max) %>% 
  mutate(Trait = "DTF")
y2 <- select(yy, Expt, Location, Year, MacroEnv, min = DTM_min, max = DTM_max) %>% 
  mutate(Trait = "DTM")
yy <- bind_rows(y1, y2)
# Plot
mp <- ggplot(xx) +
  geom_rect(data = yy, aes(xmin = min, xmax = max, fill = Trait), 
            ymin = 0, ymax = 40, alpha = 0.4) +
  geom_line(aes(x = Date, y = DayLength_rescaled, color = "Blue")) +
  geom_line(aes(x = Date, y = Temp_mean, color = "darkred") ) +
  geom_ribbon(aes(x = Date, ymin = Temp_min, ymax = Temp_max),
              fill = alpha("darkred", 0.25), color = alpha("darkred", 0.25)) +
  facet_grid(Location +MacroEnv  ~ ., scales = "free_x", space = "free_x") +
  scale_color_manual(name = NULL, values = c("Blue", "darkred"), 
                    labels = c("Day length", "Temperature") ) +
  scale_fill_manual(name = NULL, values = c("darkgreen", "darkgoldenrod2")) +
  coord_cartesian(ylim = c(0,40)) +
  theme_AGL +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom", 
        legend.text = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1, vjust = 0.5)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = "1 month", labels = date_format("%B")) +
  scale_y_continuous(sec.axis = sec_axis(~ (16.62 - 9.11) * . / (40 - 0) + 9.11, 
                     breaks = c(10, 12, 14, 16), name = "Hours")) +
  labs(title = "2017 - 2018", y = expression(paste(degree, "Celcius"), x = NULL)) +
  guides(colour = guide_legend(order = 1, override.aes = list(size = 1.25)), 
         fill   = guide_legend(order = 2))
ggsave("Additional/Additional_Figure_03.png", mp, width = 8, height = 6, dpi = 600)

Additional Figure 4 ggridges

# Prep data
xx <- dd %>% select(Expt, DTF, DTS, DTM) %>% 
  gather(Trait, Value, DTF, DTS, DTM) %>%
  mutate(Trait = factor(Trait, levels = c("DTF", "DTS", "DTM")))
# Plot
mp <- ggplot(xx, aes(x = Value, y = Expt, fill = Trait)) + 
  ggridges::geom_density_ridges(alpha = 0.7) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("darkgreen", "darkred", "darkgoldenrod2")) +
  theme_AGL +
  theme(legend.position = "top", legend.margin = unit(c(0,0,0,0), "cm")) +
  labs(y = NULL, x = "Days After Sowing")
ggsave("Additional/Additional_Figure_04.png", mp, width = 6, height = 4, dpi = 600)

Supplemental Figure 2 Missing Data

# Prep data
xx <- dd %>% 
  filter(Location %in% c("Bhopal, India", "Jessore, Bangladesh", "Bardiya, Nepal")) %>%
  mutate(DTF = ifelse(is.na(DTF), 0, 1),
         DTS = ifelse(is.na(DTS), 0, 1),
         DTM = ifelse(is.na(DTM), 0, 1) ) %>% 
  group_by(Expt, Location, Year) %>% 
  summarise_at(vars(DTF, DTS, DTM), funs(sum), na.rm = T) %>%
  ungroup() %>% 
  gather(Trait, Flowered, DTF, DTS, DTM) %>%
  mutate(Total = ifelse(Expt == "Bardiya, Nepal 2016", 323, 324),
         # One accession was not planted in Bardiya, Nepal 2016
         DidNotFlower = Total - Flowered,
         Percent = round(100 * Flowered / Total),
         Label = paste0(Percent, "%"),
         Trait = factor(Trait, levels = c("DTF", "DTS", "DTM")))
# Plot
mp <- ggplot(xx, aes(x = Trait, y = Percent, fill = Trait)) + 
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", color = "black", alpha = 0.7) + 
  geom_text(aes(label = Label), nudge_y = -3, size = 3.5) + 
  facet_grid(. ~ Location + Year) + 
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("darkgreen", "darkred", "darkgoldenrod2")) + 
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0,100), expand = c(0,0)) +
  theme_AGL + 
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank() ) + 
  labs(x = NULL, y = "Percent of accessions reaching key phenological time points")
ggsave("Supplemental_Figure_02.png", width = 10, height = 5, dpi = 600)

Supplemental Figure 3 Correlation Plots

# Prep data
xx <- dd %>% left_join(select(ff, Expt, MacroEnv), by = "Expt") %>% 
  select(Entry, Expt, MacroEnv, DTF, DTS, DTM)
# Create plotting function
ggCorPlot <- function(x, legend.title, colNums) {
  # Plot (a)
  r2 <- round(cor(x$DTF, x$DTS, use ="complete", method = "pearson")^2, 2)
  tp1 <- ggplot(x) + theme_AGL +
    geom_point(aes(x = DTF, y = DTS, color = Expt, shape = Expt), alpha = 0.8) + 
    geom_label(x = -Inf, y = Inf, hjust = 0, vjust = 1, parse = T,
               label = paste("italic(R)^2 == ", r2) ) +
    scale_color_manual(name = legend.title, values = colors_Expt[colNums]) +
    scale_shape_manual(name = legend.title, values = c(15,16,17,15,16,17))
  # Plot (b)
  r2 <- round(cor(x$DTF, x$DTM, use ="complete.obs", method = "pearson")^2, 2)
  tp2 <- ggplot(x) + theme_AGL +
    geom_point(aes(x = DTF, y = DTM, color = Expt, shape = Expt), alpha = 0.8) + 
    geom_label(x = -Inf, y = Inf, hjust = 0, vjust = 1, parse = T,
               label = paste("italic(R)^2 == ", r2) ) +
    scale_color_manual(name = legend.title, values = colors_Expt[colNums]) +
    scale_shape_manual(name = legend.title, values = c(15,16,17,15,16,17))
  # Plot (c)
  r2 <- round(cor(x$DTS, x$DTM, use = "complete", method = "pearson")^2, 2)
  tp3 <- ggplot(x) + theme_AGL +
    geom_point(aes(x = DTS, y = DTM, color = Expt, shape = Expt), alpha = 0.8) + 
    geom_label(x = -Inf, y = Inf, hjust = 0, vjust = 1, parse = T,
               label = paste("italic(R)^2 == ", r2) ) +
    scale_color_manual(name = legend.title, values = colors_Expt[colNums]) +
    scale_shape_manual(name = legend.title, values = c(15,16,17,15,16,17))
  # Append (a), (b) and (c)
  mp <- ggarrange(tp1, tp2, tp3, nrow = 1, ncol = 3, 
                  common.legend = T, legend = "right") 
  mp
}
# Plot
mp1 <- ggCorPlot(xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Temperate"),     "Temperate",      1:6 )
mp2 <- ggCorPlot(xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "South Asia"),    "South Asia",     7:12)
mp3 <- ggCorPlot(xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Mediterranean"), "Mediterranean", 13:18)
mp <- ggarrange(mp1, mp2, mp3, nrow = 3, ncol = 1, common.legend = T, legend = "right")
ggsave("Supplemental_Figure_03.png", mp, width = 10, height = 8, dpi = 600)

Additional Figures - Correlations

# Prep data
xx <- dd %>% left_join(select(ff, Expt, MacroEnv), by = "Expt") %>%
  mutate(DTE = ifelse(Location == "Cordoba, Spain", NA, DTE))
x1 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Temperate")
x2 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "South Asia")
x3 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv == "Mediterranean")
# Create plotting functions
my_lower <- function(data, mapping, cols = colors_Expt, ...) {
  ggplot(data = data, mapping = mapping) +
    geom_point(alpha = 0.5, size = 0.3, aes(color = Expt)) +
    theme_bw() + 
    scale_color_manual(values = cols)
}
my_middle <- function(data, mapping, cols = colors_Expt, ...) {
  ggplot(data = data, mapping = mapping) + 
    geom_density(alpha = 0.5) + theme_bw() +
    scale_color_manual(name = NULL, values = cols) +
    scale_fill_manual(name = NULL, values = cols) +
    guides(color = F, fill = guide_legend(nrow = 3, byrow = T))
}
# See: https://github.com/ggobi/ggally/issues/139
my_upper <- function(data, mapping, color = I("black"), sizeRange = c(1,5), ...) {
  # Prep data
  x <- eval_data_col(data, mapping$x) 
  y <- eval_data_col(data, mapping$y)
  #
  r2 <- cor(x, y, method = "pearson", use = "complete.obs")^2
  rt <- format(r2, digits = 2)[1]
  cex <- max(sizeRange)
  tt <- as.character(rt)
  # plot the cor value
  p <- ggally_text(label = tt, mapping = aes(), color = color, 
                   xP = 0.5, yP = 0.5, size = 6,  ... ) + theme_bw() 
  # Create color palette
  corColors <- RColorBrewer::brewer.pal(n = 10, name = "RdBu")[2:9]
  if        (r2 <= -0.9)              { corCol <- alpha(corColors[1], 0.5) 
  } else if (r2 >= -0.9 & r2 <= -0.6) { corCol <- alpha(corColors[2], 0.5)
  } else if (r2 >= -0.6 & r2 <= -0.3) { corCol <- alpha(corColors[3], 0.5)
  } else if (r2 >= -0.3 & r2 <= 0)    { corCol <- alpha(corColors[4], 0.5)
  } else if (r2 >= 0    & r2 <= 0.3)  { corCol <- alpha(corColors[5], 0.5) 
  } else if (r2 >= 0.3  & r2 <= 0.6)  { corCol <- alpha(corColors[6], 0.5)
  } else if (r2 >= 0.6  & r2 <= 0.9)  { corCol <- alpha(corColors[7], 0.5) 
  } else                              { corCol <- alpha(corColors[8], 0.5) }
  # Plot
  p <- p +
    theme(panel.background = element_rect(fill = corCol),
          panel.grid.major = element_blank(), 
          #panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
          axis.text = element_text(size = 5))
  p
}
# Plot Correlations for each Expt
for(i in 1:length(names_Expt)) {
  mp <- ggpairs(xx %>% filter(Expt == names_Expt[i]), 
               columns = c("DTE", "DTF", "DTS", "DTM", "REP"), 
        upper  = list(continuous = my_upper), 
        diag   = list(continuous = my_middle),
        lower  = list(continuous = wrap(my_lower, cols = "black")),
        title  = i) + 
    theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = "White"))
  ggsave(paste0("Additional/Corr/Corr_", str_pad(i, 2, "left", "0"), 
                "_", names_Expt[i], ".png"), 
         mp, width = 6, height = 6, dpi = 600)
}
# Plot (a) Temperate
mp1 <- ggpairs(x1, columns = c("DTE", "DTF", "DTS", "DTM", "REP"), 
               aes(color = Expt, fill = Expt),
        upper=list(continuous = my_upper),
        diag =list(continuous = wrap(my_middle, cols = colors_Expt[1:6])),
        lower=list(continuous = wrap(my_lower,  cols = colors_Expt[1:6])),
        title = "(a) Temperate", 
        legend = c(2,2)) +
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = "White"),
        legend.position = "bottom")
ggsave("Additional/Corr/Corr_Temperate.png", mp1, width = 6, height = 6, dpi = 600)
# Plot (b) South Asia
mp2 <- ggpairs(x2, columns = c("DTE", "DTF", "DTS", "DTM", "REP"), 
               aes(color = Expt, fill = Expt),
        upper  = list(continuous = my_upper),
        diag   = list(continuous = wrap(my_middle, cols = colors_Expt[7:12])),
        lower  = list(continuous = wrap(my_lower,  cols = colors_Expt[7:12])),
        title  = "(b) South Asia", 
        legend = c(2,2)) +
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = "White"),
        legend.position = "bottom")
ggsave("Additional/Corr/Corr_SouthAsia.png", mp2, width = 6, height = 6, dpi = 600)
# Plot (c) Mediterranean
mp3 <- ggpairs(x3, columns = c("DTE", "DTF", "DTS", "DTM", "REP"), 
               aes(color = Expt, fill = Expt),
        upper  = list(continuous = my_upper),
        diag   = list(continuous = wrap(my_middle, cols = colors_Expt[13:18])),
        lower  = list(continuous = wrap(my_lower,  cols = colors_Expt[13:18])),
        title  = "(c) Mediterranean", 
        legend = c(2,2)) +
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = "White"),
        legend.position = "bottom")
ggsave("Additional/Corr/Corr_Mediterranean.png", mp3, width = 6, height = 6, dpi = 600)
# Plot All
mp4 <- ggpairs(xx, columns = c("DTE", "DTF", "DTS", "DTM", "REP"), 
        aes(color = ExptShort, fill = ExptShort),
        upper  = list(continuous = my_upper), 
        diag   = list(continuous = my_middle),
        lower  = list(continuous = my_lower),
        title  = "ALL", 
        legend = c(2,2)) +
  theme(strip.background = element_rect(fill = "White"),
        legend.position = "bottom")
ggsave("Additional/Corr/Corr_All.png", mp4, width = 6, height = 6, dpi = 600)

Figure 3 PCA

# Prep data
xx <- dd %>% select(Entry, Expt, DTF2_scaled) %>% 
  spread(Expt, DTF2_scaled)
xx <- xx %>% column_to_rownames("Entry") %>% as.matrix()
# PCA
mypca <- PCA(xx, ncp = 10, graph = F)
# Heirarcical clustering
mypcaH <- HCPC(mypca, nb.clust = 8, graph = F)
perc <- round(mypca[[1]][,2], 1)
x1.1 <- mypcaH[[1]] %>% rownames_to_column("Entry")
x1.2 <- mypca[[3]]$coord %>% as.data.frame() %>% rownames_to_column("Entry")
x1 <- left_join(x1.1, x1.2, by = "Entry") %>%
  mutate(Entry = as.numeric(Entry)) %>%
  left_join(select(ldp, Entry, Name, Origin), by = "Entry") %>%
  left_join(select(ct, Origin=Country, Region), by = "Origin") %>%
  select(Entry, Name, Origin, Region, Cluster=clust,
         PC1=Dim.1, PC2=Dim.2, PC3=Dim.3, PC4=Dim.4, PC5=Dim.5,
         PC6=Dim.6, PC7=Dim.7, PC8=Dim.8, PC9=Dim.9, PC10=Dim.10)
write.csv(x1, "data/data_pca_results.csv", row.names = F)
# Prep data
x2 <- dd %>% left_join(select(x1, Entry, Cluster), by = "Entry") %>%
  group_by(Expt, ExptShort, Cluster) %>% 
  summarise(mean = mean(DTF2_scaled, na.rm = T), sd = sd(DTF2_scaled, na.rm = T)) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  mutate(ClusterNum = plyr::mapvalues(Cluster, as.character(1:8), summary(x1$Cluster)))
x3 <- x1 %>% count(Cluster) %>% 
  mutate(Cluster = factor(Cluster, levels = rev(levels(Cluster))), y = n/2)
for(i in 2:nrow(x3)) { x3$y[i] <- sum(x3$n[1:(i-1)]) + (x3$n[i]/2) }
# Plot (a) PCA 1v2
find_hull <- function(df) df[chull(df[,"PC1"], df[,"PC2"]), ]
polys <- plyr::ddply(x1, "Cluster", find_hull) %>% mutate(Cluster = factor(Cluster))
mp1.1 <- ggplot(x1) +
  geom_polygon(data = polys, alpha = 0.15, aes(x = PC1, y = PC2, fill = Cluster)) +
  geom_point(aes(x = PC1, y = PC2, colour = Cluster)) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = colors) +
  scale_color_manual(values = colors) +
  theme_AGL + 
  theme(legend.position = "none", panel.grid = element_blank()) +
  labs(x = paste0("PC1 (", perc[1], "%)"),
       y = paste0("PC2 (", perc[2], "%)"))
# Plot (a) PCA 1v3
find_hull <- function(df) df[chull(df[,"PC1"], df[,"PC3"]), ]
polys <- plyr::ddply(x1, "Cluster", find_hull) %>% mutate(Cluster = factor(Cluster))
mp1.2 <- ggplot(x1) +
  geom_polygon(data = polys, alpha = 0.15, aes(x = PC1, y = PC3, fill = Cluster)) +
  geom_point(aes(x = PC1, y = PC3, colour = Cluster)) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = colors) +
  scale_color_manual(values = colors) +
  theme_AGL + 
  theme(legend.position = "none", panel.grid = element_blank()) +
  labs(x = paste0("PC1 (", perc[1], "%)"),
       y = paste0("PC3 (", perc[3], "%)"))
# Plot (a) PCA 2v3
find_hull <- function(df) df[chull(df[,"PC2"], df[,"PC3"]), ]
polys <- plyr::ddply(x1, "Cluster", find_hull) %>% mutate(Cluster = factor(Cluster))
mp1.3 <- ggplot(x1) +
  geom_polygon(data = polys, alpha = 0.15, aes(x = PC2, y = PC3, fill = Cluster)) +
  geom_point(aes(x = PC2, y = PC3, colour = Cluster)) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = colors) +
  scale_color_manual(values = colors) +
  theme_AGL + 
  theme(legend.position = "none", panel.grid = element_blank()) +
  labs(x = paste0("PC2 (", perc[2], "%)"),
       y = paste0("PC3 (", perc[3], "%)"))
# Append 
mp1 <- ggarrange(mp1.1, mp1.2, mp1.3, nrow = 1, ncol = 3, hjust = 0)
# Plot (b) DTF 
mp2 <- ggplot(x2, aes(x = ExptShort, y = mean, group = Cluster)) +
  geom_point(aes(color = Cluster)) + 
  geom_vline(xintercept = 6.5,  lty = 2) + 
  geom_vline(xintercept = 12.5, lty = 2) +
  geom_ribbon(aes(ymin = mean - sd, ymax = mean + sd, fill = Cluster), 
              alpha = 0.2, color = NA) + 
  geom_line(aes(color = Cluster), size = 1) +
  scale_color_manual(values = colors) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = colors) +
  coord_cartesian(ylim = c(0.95,5.05), expand = F) +
  theme_AGL +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1, vjust = 0.5),
        legend.position = "none", panel.grid = element_blank()) + 
  labs(y = "DTF (scaled 1-5)", x = NULL)
#
ggsave("Additional/Temp/Temp_F03_1.png", mp1, width = 8, height =   1*6/2.5, dpi = 600)
ggsave("Additional/Temp/Temp_F03_2.png", mp2, width = 8, height = 1.5*6/2.5, dpi = 600)
# Plot (c)
xx <- ldp %>% left_join(select(x1, Entry, Cluster), by = "Entry") %>%
  mutate(test1 = factor(paste(Origin, Cluster)))
xx <- xx %>% filter(!Origin %in% c("ICARDA","USDA","Unknown")) %>% 
  group_by(Origin, Cluster) %>% summarise(Count = n()) %>% 
  spread(Cluster, Count) %>%
  left_join(select(ct, Origin=Country, Lat, Lon), by = "Origin") %>% 
  ungroup() %>% as.data.frame()
xx[is.na(xx)] <- 0 
invisible(png("Additional/Temp/Temp_F03_3.png", width = 4800, height = 2200, res = 600))
par(mai = c(0,0,0,0), xaxs = "i", yaxs = "i")
mapPies(dF = xx, nameX = "Lon", nameY = "Lat", zColours = colors,
        nameZs = c("1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8"), lwd = 1,
        xlim = c(-140,110), ylim = c(0,20), addCatLegend = F,
        oceanCol = "grey90", landCol = "white", borderCol = "black") 

symbolMaxSize= 5  maxSumValues= 49  symbolScale= 0.7142857 
List of 2
 $ x: num [1:100] -125 -125 -125 -125 -125 ...
 $ y: num [1:100] 57.3 57.6 57.9 58.2 58.5 ...

legend(-139.5, 15.5, title = "Cluster", legend = 1:8, col = colors,
       pch = 16, cex = 1, pt.cex = 2, box.lwd = 2)
invisible(dev.off())
# Append (a), (b) and (c)
im1 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/Temp_F03_1.png") %>% 
  image_annotate("(a)", size = 120, location = "+0+0")
im2 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/Temp_F03_2.png") %>% 
  image_annotate("(b)", size = 120, location = "+0+0")
im3 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/Temp_F03_3.png") %>%
  image_annotate("(c)", size = 120, location = "+0+0")
im <- image_append(c(im1, im2, im3), stack = T)
image_write(im, "Figure_03.png")

Additional Figure 5 Interactive PCA Plot

pca <- read.csv("data/data_pca_results.csv") %>% 
  mutate(Cluster = factor(Cluster),
         myColors = plyr::mapvalues(Cluster, 1:8, colors))
rgl::plot3d(pca[,5:7], col = pca$myColors, size = 15)
rgl::writeWebGL(filename = "Additional/Additional_Figure_05.html", 
                width = 650, height = 650)

Additional Figure 6 PCA

# Prep data
levs <- c("Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "Americas", "ICARDA", "USDA")
xx <- read.csv("data/data_pca_results.csv") %>% 
  filter(Origin != "Unknown") %>%
  mutate(Region = as.character(Region), Origin = as.character(Origin),
         Region = ifelse(Origin %in% levs[5:6], Origin, Region),
         Region = factor(Region, levels = levs))
# Plot
mp <- ggplot(xx, aes(x = PC1, y = PC2, color = Region, shape = Region)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.7, size = 2) +
  scale_color_manual(values = colors[c(1,3,8,5,7,7)]) + 
  scale_shape_manual(values = c(16,18,15,17,13,10)) +
  theme_AGL + 
  theme(panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.major.y = element_blank())
ggsave("Additional/Additional_Figure_06.png", mp, width = 6, height = 4, dpi = 600)

Additional Figure 7 DTF By Cluster

# Prep data
x1 <- read.csv("data/data_pca_results.csv") %>% mutate(Cluster = factor(Cluster))
yy <- c("India", "Bangladesh", "Ethiopia", "Pakistan", "Jordan",
        "Iran", "Turkey", "Syria", "Chile", "Spain", "Czech Republic", "Canada" )
xx <- dd %>% left_join(ldp, by = "Entry") %>%
  filter(ExptShort %in% c("Ro17", "Ba17", "Ne17", "It17"), Origin != "Unknown") %>% 
  left_join(select(x1, Entry, Cluster), by = "Entry") %>%
  mutate(Origin = factor(Origin, levels = unique(Origin)[rev(order(unique(Origin)))])) %>%
  filter(Origin %in% yy) %>%
  mutate(Origin = factor(Origin, levels = yy))
# Plot
mp <- ggplot(xx, aes(y = DTF2, x = Origin)) + 
  geom_quasirandom(aes(color = Cluster)) + 
  facet_grid(Location+Year ~ ., scales = "free_y") +
  scale_color_manual(values = colors) + 
  theme_AGL + 
  theme(legend.position = "top",
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1, vjust = 0.5)) +
  guides(colour = guide_legend(nrow = 1, override.aes = list(size = 3))) +
  labs(y = "Days from sowing to flower")
ggsave("Additional/Additional_Figure_07.png", mp, width = 5, height = 7, dpi = 600)

Additional Figure 8 Cluster Origins

# Prep data
pca <- read.csv("data/data_pca_results.csv") %>% mutate(Cluster = factor(Cluster))
xx <- ldp %>% left_join(select(pca, Entry, Cluster), by = "Entry") %>%
  mutate(test1 = factor(paste(Origin, Cluster)))
x1 <- xx %>% filter(Origin != "ICARDA") %>% 
  group_by(Origin, Cluster) %>% summarise(Count = n()) %>% 
  spread(Cluster, Count) %>%
  left_join(select(ct, Origin=Country, Lat, Lon), by = "Origin") %>% 
  ungroup() %>% as.data.frame()
x1[is.na(x1)] <- 0 
# Plot
mp <- ggplot(xx, aes(x = Origin, fill = Cluster)) + 
  geom_bar(stat = "count") + 
  facet_grid(. ~ Cluster, scales = "free", space = "free") + 
  scale_fill_manual(values = colors) +
  theme_AGL +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1, vjust = 0.5)) +
  labs(x = NULL)
ggsave("Additional/Additional_Figure_08.png", width = 16, height = 4, dpi = 600)

Additional Figure 9 LDP Origins By Cluster

# Prep data
x1 <- read.csv("data/data_pca_results.csv") %>% mutate(Cluster = factor(Cluster))
xx <- ldp %>% select(Entry, Name, Lat, Lon) %>% left_join(x1, by = "Entry") %>%
  left_join(select(ct, Origin=Country, cLat=Lat, cLon=Lon), by = "Origin") %>%
  mutate(Lat = ifelse(is.na(Lat), cLat, Lat),
         Lon = ifelse(is.na(Lon), cLon, Lon),
         Lat = ifelse(duplicated(Lat), jitter(Lat, 1, 1), Lat),
         Lon = ifelse(duplicated(Lon), jitter(Lon, 1, 1), Lon), Size = 1)
# Plot
invisible(png("Additional/Additional_Figure_09.png", 
              width = 7200, height = 4400, res = 600)) #res = 150
par(mai = c(0,0,0,0), xaxs = "i", yaxs = "i")
mapBubbles(dF = xx, nameX = "Lon", nameY = "Lat", nameZColour = "Cluster",
           nameZSize = "Size", symbolSize = 0.5, pch = 20, addLegend = F,
           colourPalette = colors[1:8], addColourLegend = F,
           xlim = c(-140,110), ylim = c(0,20), 
           oceanCol = "grey90", landCol = "white", borderCol = "black")
legend(-139.5, 15.5, title = "Cluster", legend = 1:8, col = colors,
       pch = 16, cex = 2, pt.cex = 3, box.lwd = 2)
invisible(dev.off())

Additional Figures - Entry Regressions

myfills <- alpha(c("darkgreen", "darkorange3", "darkblue"), 0.5)
mymin <- min(rr$RDTF, na.rm = T); mymax <- max(rr$RDTF, na.rm = T)
mp <- list()
for(i in 1:324) {
  xx <- rr %>% filter(Entry == i) %>%
    left_join(select(ff, Expt, MacroEnv, T_mean, P_mean), by = "Expt") %>%
    mutate(myfill = MacroEnv)
  x1 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv != "South Asia")
  x2 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv != "Temperate")
  x3 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv != "Mediterranean")
  figlab <- paste("Entry", str_pad(i, 3, "left", "0"), "|", unique(xx$Name))
  # Plot (a) 1/f = a + bT
  mp1 <- ggplot(xx, aes(x = T_mean, y = RDTF)) +
    geom_point(aes(shape = MacroEnv, color = MacroEnv)) +
    geom_smooth(data = x1, method = "lm", se = F, color = "black", lty = 3) +
    geom_smooth(data = x2, method = "lm", se = F, color = "black") +
    scale_y_continuous(sec.axis = dup_axis(~ 1/., name = NULL, breaks = c(35,50,100,150)),
                       trans = "reverse", breaks = c(0.01,0.02,0.03), 
                       limits = c(mymax, mymin)) +
    scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(11,13,15,17,19,21)) +
    scale_shape_manual(name = "Macro-environment", values = c(16,15,17)) +
    scale_color_manual(name = "Macro-environment", values = myfills) +
    theme_AGL + 
    labs(title = figlab, y = "1 / DTF", 
         x = expression(paste("Temperature (", degree, "C)", sep = "")))
  # Plot (b) 1/f = a + cP
  mp2 <- ggplot(xx, aes(x = P_mean, y = RDTF)) +
    geom_point(aes(shape = MacroEnv, color = MacroEnv)) +
    geom_smooth(data = x1, method = "lm", se = F, color = "black", lty = 3) +
    geom_smooth(data = x3, method = "lm", se = F, color = "black") +
    scale_y_continuous(sec.axis = dup_axis(~ 1/., name="DTF", breaks = c(35,50,100,150)),
                       trans = "reverse", breaks = c(0.01,0.02,0.03), 
                       limits = c(mymax, mymin)) +
    scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(11,12,13,14,15,16)) +
    scale_shape_manual(name = "Macro-environment", values = c(16,15,17)) +
    scale_color_manual(name = "Macro-environment", values = myfills) +
    theme_AGL +
    labs(title = "", y = NULL,x = "Photoperiod (hours)")
  #
  mp[[i]] <- ggarrange(mp1, mp2, ncol = 2, common.legend = T, legend = "bottom") 
  ggsave(paste0("Additional/Entry_TP/TP_Entry_", str_pad(i, 3, pad = "0"), ".png"), 
         mp[[i]], width = 8, height = 4, dpi = 600)
}
pdf("Additional/pdf_TP.pdf", width = 8, height = 4)
for(i in 1:324) { print(mp[[i]]) }
dev.off() #dev.set(dev.next())

PhotoThermal Plane

# Prep data
xx <- rr %>% filter(!is.na(RDTF)) %>%
  left_join(select(ff, Expt, T_mean, P_mean, MacroEnv), by = "Expt")
# Create plotting function
gg_PTplane <- function(x, i) {
  x1 <- x %>% filter(Entry == i)
  x <- x1$T_mean
  y <- x1$P_mean
  z <- x1$RDTF
  fit <- lm(z ~ x + y)
  # Create PhotoThermal plane
  fitp <- predict(fit)
  grid.lines <- 12
  x.p <- seq(min(x), max(x), length.out = grid.lines)
  y.p <- seq(min(y), max(y), length.out = grid.lines)
  xy <- expand.grid(x = x.p, y = y.p)
  z.p <- matrix(predict(fit, newdata = xy), nrow = grid.lines, ncol = grid.lines)
  pchs <- plyr::mapvalues(x1$Expt, names_Expt, c(rep(16,6),rep(15,6),rep(17,6))) %>%
    as.character() %>% as.numeric()
  # Plot with regression plane
  par(mar=c(1.5, 2.5, 1.5, 0.5))
  scatter3D(x, y, z, pch = pchs, cex = 2, main = unique(x1$Name),
    col = alpha(c("darkgreen", "darkorange3", "darkblue"),0.5),
    colvar = as.numeric(x1$MacroEnv), colkey = F, col.grid = "gray90", bty = "u",
    theta = 40, phi = 25, ticktype = "detailed", cex.lab = 1, cex.axis = 0.5,
    xlab = "Temperature", ylab = "Photoperiod", zlab = "1 / DTF", zlim = c(0.005,0.03),
    surf = list(x = x.p, y = y.p, z = z.p, col = "black", facets = NA, fit = fitp) )
}
# Plot each Entry
for (i in 1:324) {
  png(paste0("Additional/Entry_3D/3D_Entry_", str_pad(i, 3, pad = "0"), ".png"), 
      width = 1000, height = 1000, res = 600) #res = 200
  gg_PTplane(xx, i)
  dev.off()
}
# Create PDF
pdf("Additional/pdf_3D.pdf")
par(mar=c(1.5, 2.5, 1.5, 0.5))
for (i in 1:324) {
  gg_PTplane(xx, i)
}
dev.off() #dev.set(dev.next())
#
# Plot ILL 5888 & ILL 4400 & Laird
xx <- xx %>% mutate(Name = gsub(" AGL", "", Name))
for (i in c(235, 94, 128)) {
  png(paste0("Additional/Temp/3D_Entry_", str_pad(i, 3, pad = "0"), ".png"), 
      width = 1000, height = 1000, res = 600) # res = 200
  gg_PTplane(xx, i)
  dev.off()
}
# Create animation
xx <- read.csv("data/model_t+p_coefs.csv") %>% arrange(b, c)
lf <- list.files("Additional/Entry_3D")[xx$Entry]
mp <- image_read(paste0("Additional/Entry_3D/", lf))
animation <- image_animate(mp, fps = 10)
image_write(animation, "Additional/Animation_3D.gif")

Supplemental Figure 4 Regressions

# Prep data
myfills <- alpha(c("darkgreen", "darkorange3", "darkblue"), 0.5)
yy <- c("ILL 5888 AGL", "PI 420925 LSP AGL",  "Laird AGL")
xx <- rr %>% filter(Name %in% yy, !is.na(DTF)) %>%
  left_join(select(ff, Expt, MacroEnv, T_mean, P_mean), by = "Expt") %>%
  mutate(Name = gsub(" AGL", "", Name),
         Name = factor(Name, levels = gsub(" AGL", "", yy)),
         myfill = MacroEnv)
x1 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv != "South Asia")
x2 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv != "Temperate")
x3 <- xx %>% filter(MacroEnv != "Mediterranean")
# Plot (a) 1/f = a + bT
mp1 <- ggplot(xx, aes(x = T_mean, y = RDTF)) +
  geom_point(aes(shape = MacroEnv, color = MacroEnv)) +
  geom_smooth(data = x1, method = "lm", se = F, color = "black", lty = 3) +
  geom_smooth(data = x2, method = "lm", se = F, color = "black") +
  scale_y_continuous(trans = "reverse", breaks = c(0.01,0.02,0.03),
        sec.axis = dup_axis(~ 1/., name = "DTF", breaks = c(35,50,100,150))) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(11,13,15,17,19,21)) +
  scale_shape_manual(name = "Macro-environment", values = c(16,15,17)) +
  scale_color_manual(name = "Macro-environment", values = myfills) +
  theme_AGL + facet_grid(. ~ Name) + 
  theme(axis.title.y = element_text(size = 9),
        plot.margin = unit(c(0,0,0,0), "cm")) +
  guides(colour = guide_legend(override.aes = list(size = 3))) +
  labs(y = "1 / DTF", x = expression(paste("Temperature (", degree, "C)", sep = "")))
# Plot (b) 1/f = a + cP
mp2 <- ggplot(xx, aes(x = P_mean, y = RDTF)) +
  geom_point(aes(shape = MacroEnv, color = MacroEnv)) +
  geom_smooth(data = x1, method = "lm", se = F, color = "black", lty = 3) +
  geom_smooth(data = x3, method = "lm", se = F, color = "black") +
  scale_y_continuous(trans = "reverse", breaks = c(0.01,0.02,0.03),
        sec.axis = dup_axis(~ 1/., name="DTF", breaks = c(35,50,100,150))) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(11,12,13,14,15,16)) +
  scale_shape_manual(name = "Macro-environment", values = c(16,15,17)) +
  scale_color_manual(name = "Macro-environment", values = myfills) +
  theme_AGL + facet_grid(. ~ Name) + 
  theme(axis.title.y = element_text(size = 9),
        plot.margin = unit(c(0,0,0,0), "cm")) +
  guides(colour = guide_legend(override.aes = list(size = 3))) +
  labs(y = "1 / DTF",x = "Photoperiod (hours)")
# Append (a) and (b)
mp <- ggarrange(mp1, mp2, ncol = 1, common.legend = T, legend = "bottom") 
ggsave("Additional/Temp/Temp_SF04_1.png", mp, width = 6, height = 3.75, dpi = 600)
# Append (c)s
im1 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/3D_Entry_094.png")
im2 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/3D_Entry_235.png")
im3 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/3D_Entry_128.png")
im <- image_append(c(im1, im2, im3)) %>% image_scale("3600x")
image_write(im, "Additional/Temp/Temp_SF04_2.png")
# Prep data 
xx <- dd %>% filter(Name %in% yy) %>% 
  mutate(Name = gsub(" AGL", "", Name),
         Name = factor(Name, levels = gsub(" AGL", "", yy)))
# Plot D)
mp3 <- ggplot(dd, aes(x = ExptShort, y = DTF2_scaled, group = Name)) + 
  geom_line(color = "black", alpha = 0.1) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = 6.5,  lty = 2) + 
  geom_vline(xintercept = 12.5, lty = 2) +
  geom_line(data = xx, aes(color = Name), size = 2) + 
  scale_color_manual(name = "Genotype", values = colors[c(1,5,8)]) +
  theme_AGL + labs(y = "DTF (scaled 1-5)", x = NULL) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom", 
        legend.margin = unit(c(0,0,0,0), "cm"),
        plot.margin   = unit(c(0,0.2,0,0.5), "cm"),
        panel.grid   = element_blank(),
        axis.title.y = element_text(size = 9),
        axis.text.x  = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5))
ggsave("Additional/Temp/Temp_SF04_3.png", mp3, width = 6, height = 2.5, dpi = 600)
# Append (a), (b), C) and D)
im1 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/Temp_SF04_1.png") %>% 
  image_annotate("(a)", size = 100, location = "+0+0") %>% 
  image_annotate("(b)", size = 100, location = "+0+1000")
im2 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/Temp_SF04_2.png") %>% 
  image_annotate("(c)", size = 100)
im3 <- image_read("Additional/Temp/Temp_SF04_3.png") %>% 
  image_annotate("(d)", size = 100)
im <- image_append(c(im1, im2, im3), stack = T)
image_write(im, "Supplemental_Figure_04.png")

Modeling DTF - functions

# Create functions
# Plot Observed vs Predicted
gg_model_1 <- function(x, title = NULL, type = 1,
    mymin = min(c(x$DTF,x$Predicted_DTF)) - 2, 
    mymax = max(c(x$DTF,x$Predicted_DTF)) + 2 ) {
  x <- x %>% mutate(Flowered = ifelse(is.na(DTF), "Did not Flower", "Flowered"))
  # Prep data
  if(type == 1) {
    myx <- "DTF"; myy <- "Predicted_DTF"
    x <- x %>% filter(!is.na(DTF))
  }
  if(type == 2) {
    myx <- "RDTF"; myy <- "Predicted_RDTF"
    x <- x %>% filter(!is.na(RDTF))
  }
  myPal <- colors_Expt[names_Expt %in% unique(x$Expt)]
  r2 <- round(modelR2(x = x[,myx], y = x[,myy]), 3)
  # Plot
  mp <- ggplot(x) +
    geom_point(aes(x = get(myx), y = get(myy), color = Expt)) +
    geom_abline() +
    geom_label(x = mymin, y = mymax, hjust = 0, vjust = 1, parse = T,
               label = paste("italic(R)^2 == ", r2)) +
    scale_x_continuous(limits = c(mymin, mymax), expand = c(0, 0)) +
    scale_y_continuous(limits = c(mymin, mymax), expand = c(0, 0)) +
    scale_color_manual(name = NULL, values = myPal) +
    theme_AGL + guides(colour = guide_legend(override.aes = list(size = 2)))
  if(type == 1) { 
    mp <- mp + labs(y = "Predicted DTF (days)", x = "Observed DTF (days)")
  }
  if(type == 2) { 
    mp <- mp + 
      scale_x_reverse(limits = c(mymax, mymin), expand = c(0, 0)) + 
      scale_y_reverse(limits = c(mymax, mymin), expand = c(0, 0)) +
      labs(y = "Predicted RDTF (1/days)", x = "Observed RDTF (1/days)")
  }
  if(!is.null(title)) { mp <- mp + labs(title = title) }
  mp
}
# Facets by Expt
gg_model_2 <- function(x, myX = "DTF", myY = "Predicted_DTF", title = NULL,
                       x1 = 30, x2 = 30, y1 = 145, y2 = 120, legend.pos = "bottom") {
  # Prep data
  pca <- read.csv("data/data_pca_results.csv") %>% select(Entry, Cluster) %>%
    mutate(Cluster = factor(Cluster))
  x <- x %>% 
    filter(!is.na(get(myX))) %>%
    left_join(pca, by = "Entry")
  xf <- x %>% group_by(Expt) %>% 
    summarise(Mean = mean(DTF)) %>% ungroup() %>%
    mutate(r2 = NA, RMSE = NA)
  for(i in 1:nrow(xf)) {
    xi <- x %>% filter(Expt == xf$Expt[i])
    xf[i,"r2"]   <- round(modelR2(x = xi[,myX],   y = xi[,myY]), 2)
    xf[i,"RMSE"] <- round(modelRMSE(x = xi[,myX], y = xi[,myY]), 1)
  }
  # Plot
  mp <- ggplot(x, aes(x = get(myX), y = get(myY))) +
    geom_point(aes(color = Cluster), size = 0.75, alpha = 0.7) + geom_abline() +
    geom_text(x = x1, y = y1, color = "black", hjust = 0, vjust = 0, size = 3,
              aes(label = paste("RMSE = ", RMSE, sep = "")), data = xf) +
    geom_text(x = x2, y = y2, color = "black", hjust = 0, vjust = 0, size = 3,
              aes(label = paste("italic(R)^2 == ", r2)), parse = T, data = xf) +
    facet_wrap(Expt ~ ., ncol = 6, labeller = label_wrap_gen(width = 17)) + 
    scale_x_continuous(limits = c(min(x[,myX]), max(x[,myX]))) +
    scale_y_continuous(limits = c(min(x[,myX]), max(x[,myX]))) +
    scale_color_manual(values = colors) +
    theme_AGL + 
    theme(legend.position = legend.pos, legend.margin = unit(c(0,0,0,0), "cm"),
          panel.grid = element_blank()) +
    guides(colour = guide_legend(nrow = 1, override.aes = list(size = 3))) +
    labs(y = "Predicted DTF (days)", x = "Observed DTF (days)")
  if(!is.null(title)) { mp <- mp + labs(title = title) }
  mp
}
# R^2 function
modelR2 <- function(x, y) {
  1 - ( sum((x - y)^2, na.rm = T) / sum((x - mean(x, na.rm = T))^2, na.rm = T))
}
# RMSE function
modelRMSE <- function(x, y) {
  sqrt(sum((x-y)^2, na.rm = T) / length(x))
}

\(R^2=1-\frac{SS_{residuals}}{SS_{total}}=1-\frac{\sum (x-y)^2}{\sum (x-\bar{x})}\)

\(RMSE=\frac{\sum (y-x)^2}{n}\)

Modeling DTF (T + P) - All Site-years

###########################
# 1/f = a + bT + cP (All) #
###########################
# Prep data
xx <- rr %>% filter(!is.na(RDTF)) %>%
  left_join(select(ff, Expt, T_mean, P_mean), by = "Expt") %>%
  select(Plot, Entry, Name, Rep, Expt, ExptShort, T_mean, P_mean, RDTF, DTF)
mr <- NULL; md <- NULL
mc <- select(ldp, Entry, Name) %>%
  mutate(a = NA, b = NA, c = NA, RR = NA, Environments = NA, 
         aP = NA, bP = NA, cP = NA)
# Model
for(i in 1:324) {
  # Prep data
  xri <- xx %>% filter(Entry == i)
  xdi <- xri %>% group_by(Entry, Name, Expt, ExptShort) %>% 
    summarise_at(vars(DTF, RDTF, T_mean, P_mean), funs(mean), na.rm = T) %>%
    ungroup()
  # Train Model
  mi <- lm(RDTF ~ T_mean + P_mean, data = xri)
  # Predict DTF
  xri <- xri %>% mutate(Predicted_RDTF = predict(mi),
                        Predicted_DTF = 1 / predict(mi))
  xdi <- xdi %>% mutate(Predicted_RDTF = predict(mi, newdata = xdi),
                        Predicted_DTF = 1 / predict(mi, newdata = xdi))
  # Save to table
  mr <- bind_rows(mr, xri) 
  md <- bind_rows(md, xdi)
  # Save coefficients
  mc[i,c("a","b","c")] <- mi$coefficients
  # Calculate rr and # of environments used
  mc[i,"RR"] <- 1 - sum((xri$DTF - xri$Predicted_DTF)^2, na.rm = T) / 
    sum((xri$Predicted_DTF - mean(xri$DTF, na.rm = T))^2, na.rm = T)
  mc[i,"Environments"] <- length(unique(xri$Expt[!is.na(xri$DTF)]))
  mc[i,"aP"] <- summary(mi)[[4]][1,4]
  mc[i,"bP"] <- summary(mi)[[4]][2,4]
  mc[i,"cP"] <- summary(mi)[[4]][3,4]
}
mr <- mr %>% mutate(Expt = factor(Expt, levels = names_Expt))
md <- md %>% mutate(Expt = factor(Expt, levels = names_Expt))
# Save Results
write.csv(mr, "data/model_t+p.csv",       row.names = F)
write.csv(md, "data/model_t+p_d.csv",     row.names = F)
write.csv(mc, "data/model_t+p_coefs.csv", row.names = F)
#
# Plot Each Entry
mp <- list()
for(i in 1:324) {
  mp1 <- gg_model_1(mr %>% filter(Entry == i), paste("Entry", i, "| DTF"),
           mymin = min(c(mr$Predicted_DTF, mr$DTF), na.rm = T),
           mymax = max(c(mr$Predicted_DTF, mr$DTF), na.rm = T))
  mp2 <- gg_model_1(mr %>% filter(Entry == i), paste("Entry", i, "| RDTF"), type = 2,
           mymin = min(c(mr$Predicted_RDTF, mr$RDTF)) - 0.001,
           mymax = max(c(mr$Predicted_RDTF, mr$RDTF)) + 0.001)
  mp[[i]] <- ggarrange(mp1, mp2, ncol = 2, common.legend = T, legend = "right")
  fname <- paste0("Additional/entry_model/model_entry_", str_pad(i, 3, pad = "0"), ".png")
  ggsave(fname, mp[[i]], width = 10, height = 4.5, dpi = 600)
}
pdf("Additional/pdf_model.pdf", width = 10, height = 4.5)
for (i in 1:324) { print(mp[[i]]) }
dev.off() #dev.set(dev.next())

# Prep data
xx <- read.csv("data/model_t+p_d.csv") %>% 
  mutate(Expt = factor(Expt, levels = names_Expt))
# Plot Observed vs Predicted
mp <- gg_model_1(xx, title = "Model = T + P")
ggsave("Additional/Model/Model_1_1.png", mp, width = 7, height = 5, dpi = 600)

# Plot Observed vs Predicted
mp <- gg_model_2(xx, title = "Model = T + P")
ggsave("Additional/Model/Model_2_1.png", mp, width = 8, height = 5.5, dpi = 600)

# Plot Observed vs Predicted for Temperate Locations
myexpts <- c("Ro16","Ro17","Su16","Su17","Su18","Us18")
mp <- gg_model_2(xx %>% filter(ExptShort %in% myexpts))
ggsave("Additional/Model/Model_3_1.png", mp ,width = 8, height = 3, dpi = 600)

Modeling DTF (T x P) - All Site-years

###########################
# 1/f = a + bT + cP (All) #
###########################
# Prep data
xx <- rr %>% filter(!is.na(RDTF)) %>%
  left_join(select(ff, Expt, T_mean, P_mean), by = "Expt") %>%
  select(Plot, Entry, Name, Rep, Expt, ExptShort, T_mean, P_mean, RDTF, DTF)
mr <- NULL; md <- NULL
mc <- select(ldp, Entry, Name) %>%
  mutate(a = NA, b = NA, c = NA, d = NA, RR = NA, Environments = NA,
         aP = NA, bP = NA, cP= NA, dP = NA)
# Model
for(i in 1:324) {
  # Prep data
  xri <- xx %>% filter(Entry == i)
  xdi <- xri %>% group_by(Entry, Name, Expt, ExptShort) %>% 
    summarise_at(vars(DTF, RDTF, T_mean, P_mean), funs(mean), na.rm = T) %>%
    ungroup()
  # Train Model
  mi <- lm(RDTF ~ T_mean * P_mean, data = xri)
  # Predict DTF
  xri <- xri %>% mutate(Predicted_RDTF = predict(mi),
                        Predicted_DTF = 1 / predict(mi))
  xdi <- xdi %>% mutate(Predicted_RDTF = predict(mi, newdata = xdi),
                        Predicted_DTF = 1 / predict(mi, newdata = xdi))
  # Save to table
  mr <- bind_rows(mr, xri) 
  md <- bind_rows(md, xdi)
  # Save coefficients
  mc[i,c("a","b","c","d")] <- mi$coefficients
  # Calculate rr and # of environments used
  mc[i,"RR"] <- 1 - sum((xri$DTF - xri$Predicted_DTF)^2, na.rm = T) / 
    sum((xri$Predicted_DTF - mean(xri$DTF, na.rm = T))^2, na.rm = T)
  mc[i,"Environments"] <- length(unique(xri$Expt[!is.na(xri$DTF)]))
  mc[i,"aP"] <- summary(mi)[[4]][1,4]
  mc[i,"bP"] <- summary(mi)[[4]][2,4]
  mc[i,"cP"] <- summary(mi)[[4]][3,4]
  mc[i,"dP"] <- summary(mi)[[4]][4,4]
}
mr <- mr %>% mutate(Expt = factor(Expt, levels = names_Expt))
md <- md %>% mutate(Expt = factor(Expt, levels = names_Expt))
# Save Results
write.csv(mr, "data/model_txp.csv",       row.names = F)
write.csv(md, "data/model_txp_d.csv",     row.names = F)
write.csv(mc, "data/model_txp_coefs.csv", row.names = F)